From this article, you will learn everything about knee joint arthrosis: what, for the reasons arise, what is the manifestation at different levels.How to treat it, how to prevent disease.
Knee joint arthrosis (gonartrosis) is a degenerative pathology of the joint, in which the destruction of cartilage occurs, damage to the muscles and ligaments, and deformation of the bone.
The disease occurs mainly after 40 years (12-16% of people at this age).Women are sick 2 times more often than men.Disease is subject to athletes and people involved in heavy physical labor.
Gonartrosis develops gradually and is accompanied by the appearance of pain in the joints:
- Joint movement decreases;
- Bones and cartilage grow, which interfere with the normal functioning of the joints.
Over time, this leads to complementing joint immobility.Without treatment, the disease leads to defects.
Conservative therapy of the knee joint arthrosis is only possible in the early stages of process development (1 and 2), it allows you to slow down, suspending pathological development.
With the development of the disease, treatment is only surgery.Fully (100%) to get rid of pathology can only be with endoprosthetics - replace the knee joint.
Traumatologists and other doctors are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of knee joint arthrosis.According to testimony, rheumatological consultations are given.Symptoms of the disease can also be detected by a sports doctor.
The cause of the disease and the type
Depending on the factors that cause this disease, 2 types of knee arthrosis are distinguished:
Main (idiopathic)
This type of arthrosis affects the middle and older people.Early stages are diagnosed after 40 years, and at older than 70, gonarthrosis is detected in 60% of people.Frequently, 2 joints simultaneously affected.
Major arthrosis occurs due to changes in the body with age, deterioration of blood circulation and moisture of metabolism.Development risk increases with inactive obesity and lifestyle.
A secondary form
Secondary - can appear in people with age and hit both 2 joints at the same time and 1.
The reason:
- A strong load on the feet.
- Ligament injuries, knee meniscus, -articular intra fractures.
- Diseases in which metabolic processes (paratiroid gland disorders, diabetes, hemochromatosis, Vilson's disease, gout, mucopolysaccharidosis and other diseases) are disrupted.
- Connective tissue disease.
- Inflammatory pathology (synovitis and infectious and endless arthritis), hemophilia (rare hereditary disease associated with affected blood clotting).
Next, we will analyze in more detail what it is - the knee joint arthrosis, its degree, what changes begin in the tissue during the pathology.
Symptoms and three stages of the disease
With the development of the disease, the cartilage begins to become thinner due to the strong burden or lack of nutrients in it.This causes bone friction to the knee joint.
Erosion in bone tissue is formed in response to the body's protective reaction - the formation of growth on it begins.All of these factors lead to limited knee joint deformation and its movement.
Symptoms of knee joint arthrosis in 3 stages:
| Phase | The clinical signs | The process that occurs in the joints |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |
It can flow without symptoms Poyality in the knees in the morning, during squats, as they walk up the stairs, after long loads and hypothermia, maybe Stiffness appears in the morning on the knees Synovite can develop - accumulation in liquid joints, which must be removed using a puncture (cavity with fluid and fence) |
The surface of the cartilage becomes rough and dry Cracks and ulceration formed on it |
| 2 |
Pain appears even as a result of little load and becomes more noticeable by active walking Feet do not bend completely, crunches periodically together The knees visually develop The risk of synovitis increases more |
In response to increased load on joints, it seems to be flat The formation of osteophytes begins - bone growth The synovial liquid becomes thicker and less nutritious The process of damaging in the cartilage is accelerated |
| 3 |
The pain takes on the chronic nature and chases the patient even when resting Second -two full bending and complete knee extension is impossible The number of joints increases Walking difficult, many people start using a stick or a stick Foot deformation valgus (foot -shaped foot settings) or variable deformation (o -shaped settings) may appear |
Almost no cartilage cloth Bone -The deformed and "pressed" of each other, leading to the restriction of mobility in the joints |
Acute shape
Acute arthrosis of the knee joint is the time when the disease lasts faster and clinically.
They can lead to severity:
- the load is too strong in the joints;
- hypothermia;
- does not comply with the prescribed diet;
- Injury.
Sometimes the gonarthrosis starts with acute, as if to intercept the first stage.This may be due to a knee injury.
Diagnostics
If you see the constraints in the joints in the morning or after a long sitting, as well as the pain when down the stairs or squatting - this can be a sign of 1 stage of gonarthrosis.
To make the right diagnosis, come to an appointment with a therapist who will direct you to an orthopedist or another doctor.
Before treating osteoarthritis or gonartrosis, the doctor will perform an initial examination and joint feeling, and also direct to:
- Radiography - will help assess the condition of the joints;
- Ultrasound - will allow us to determine whether the inflammation process is present.
Method of treatment
With knee joint arthrosis, its symptoms and treatment are interrelated, as many therapeutic steps are aimed at eliminating characteristics that interfere with and improve the quality of human life.
Receiving drugs, diets and physiotherapy training:
- Delay the process of further destruction in the cartilage;
- Prevents the transition of the disease to a more neglected level.
It is not possible to fully cure the disease, but you can suspend, slow down the pathological development.
Diet
The purpose of observing the diet is to slow down the progression of the disease.
What you need to add to the menu and what to exclude:
| A useful product | A prohibited product |
|---|---|
| Rabbits, turkey, chicken, dairy products, eggs (no more than 3 pieces a day and as good as yellow) - serve as a source of protein |
Fatty meat, sausages, sausages - leading to weight gain, which produces additional burden on the joints, and also prevents the normal formation of synovial fluid |
| Fish, especially red, rich in omega-3 |
Flour, sweet, mayonnaise, fast food - a product that contributes to a set of overweight |
| Jelly, welded from soups on bone, gelatin - contains chondroitin and collagen, which contributes to the formation of new cartilage tissue |
White cabbage, tomatoes, Bulgarian pepper, eggplant, according to several versions, contain materials that destroy collagen and chondroitin - "construction bricks" for cartilage tissue However, some studies deny their harm to arthrosis |
| Rice, millet, buckwheat has complex carbohydrates that contribute to the formation of synovial fluid |
Egg yolk, liver code - increase the risk of gout develops |
| Cottage cheese, cheese - a source of calcium |
Coffee - lenses from the body that are useful for bones and calcium joints |
| Apples, broccoli, nuts, pumpkin, zucchini, parsley, dill, cucumber, carrot, celery, spinach, cereal, currant, grapefruit, grenade, papaya, almond - the most useful product of the original plant Saturated with materials that benefit the joints |
Alcohol - violates the normal diet and metabolic processes in the joints |
| Water (1.5-2 liters per day) - Helps normalize metabolism in the body and in joints in particular Juice (fruits and vegetables -Simple listed above) |
Salt - may cause severity |
Physical training
If you have developed knee arthrosis, medical training should be daily.Special exercises help stimulate blood circulation in the joints, which will prevent further damage to the cartilage.Physical education will also improve the movement of the affected knee and prevent pain.However, any gymnastics is contraindicated in the acute disease of the disease.
Therapeutic gymnastics for Dr.Evdokimenko
The purpose of this therapeutic gymnastics is to force the muscles that surround the joints without loading it.Gymnastics according to the evdokimenko method shows excellent results with knee joint arthrosis.
Exercise:
- Lying on the stomach, straighten your feet, arms in the stitch.Raise on the floor to a straight height of 15 cm, tighten the back and muscle of the thigh.Hold this foot for 30-40 seconds.Lowering it.Repeat the movement with each foot 1 time.
- Raise your straight feet on the floor by 15 cm, hold for 1-3 seconds.Back to its original position (IP).Make 10-12 repetition for each foot.
- Bend the knee 90 degrees.Raise the bent foot to a height of 10 cm from the floor and hold for 30-40 seconds.Make this movement with every foot 1 time.Then repeat the same exercise, but with a delay in each foot by 1-3 seconds.Do 10-12 repetition of each foot.
- Raise two feet straight on the floor by 10-15 cm.Melt them to the side and bring them back.Without lowering your feet to the floor, do movements 8 times.In this case, the thigh muscles should work as much as possible.
- Lie down next to.Bend the lower leg to the knee.Let the top straight, raise 45 degrees above the floor.Hold this way for 30-40 seconds.Exercise one time on each foot.
- Sitting on a chair.Raise the maximum set on your knees.Store for 30 seconds.Raise every foot 2-4 times.
- Stand.Lean about the back of the chair.Stand in the socks.Lie down for 30-60 seconds.Back to IP.
- Stand in the socks, survive in this position for 1-3 seconds.Back to IP.Repeat the movement 10-12 times.
- Put the right foot on the floor.Stand in the left foot socks.Smoothly climb the socks with your right foot, and lower the left heel to the floor.Roll like that 10-12 times.
Physical Education This author is more intensity than before.It is only possible at the first signs of gonarthrosis.Before you start doing it yourself, make sure you consult your doctor.
If you feel bad when you are moving, stop it immediately.
Surgical methods
Because it is impossible to cure knee joint arthrosis in a completely conservative method, in severe cases, doctors use surgical methods.
One of the most effective - endoprosthetics of the knee joint, that is, replacing the scrubbing surface together.
The recovery period after endoprosthetics is from 3 to 6 months.
Such surgical interventions are also carried out:
- Artroplasty - plastic surgery to restore the normal structure of the joints;
- Correction osteotomy - a valgus correction or a foot deformation varus, which can occur in a form of advanced arthrosis.
The recovery of the people
Home manufacturing products can serve as a wonderful addition to traditional therapy.
However, before treating knee joint arthrosis with the use of folk medicine, consult your doctor, as some natural ingredients may have contraindications or not combined with the medications you have prescribed.
Here are some effective recipes, time -test:
- Beef and knee nails - contribute to the recovery of cartilage.Boil them for a few hours.Drink 100 ml of soup before each meal.
- Honey, apple vinegar - relieves swelling and pain.Mix components in proportion 3 to 1. In the evening, compression, apply for 30 minutes.
- Jerusalem artichoke - helps relieve pain attacks.Pour 350 g of crushed leaves and topnamic 2 l boiling water.Cold to room temperature.Soft gauze in infusion and place on sore joints.
Prevention
Preventive measures are very simple:
- Involved in Physical Education, but don't burden your knees.Never walked in asphalt.Special path or primer is ideal for walking.
- Avoid knee injuries or treat them in time.For bruises and rickshaws, contact the traumatologist immediately and follow all their suggestions.
- Eat properly.
- Reject bad habits.
Prophesy
Arthrosis is a disease that cannot be fully cured by conservative methods.
However, don't despair.Provided to comply with all your doctor's recommendations, you can avoid complications, relieve pain and increase the amplitude of movement in the joints.
Do not postpone a visit to a specialist, as in the final stage of the disease can cause foot deformation and defect.Modern medicine treats them quickly.